Quiz Innovation Essay Example

Test Innovation Essay Example Test Innovation Essay Test Innovation Essay Test No 3Version: A Name__________________Student Number______________ 1. The globalization of business sectors and the significance of advancement are free of each other. 2. Adaptable assembling advances have expanded the significance of creation economies of scale. 3. Advancement and new innovation have prompted longer item life cycles as better quality items are being created. 4. The expanded pace of development has just negligibly affected market division and item out of date quality. 5. Slow advancement brings about reducing edges and item outdated nature. 6. Mechanical development can positively affect our personal satisfaction through improved merchandise and enterprises. 7. Technology’s impacts on society are consistently positive. 8. Innovation in its most perfect structure isn't information, yet rather confidence that things will show signs of improvement. 9. Firms that charge quick into new item advancement as a rule have short improvement cycles. 10. Studies have uncovered that development is a freewheeling procedure that is unconstrained by rules and plans. 11. Here and there realizing a field too well can smother imagination. 12. The organization’s structure, schedules, and motivators can upset individual inventiveness, however not enhance it. 13. Now and again paying individuals for proposals sabotages inventiveness since it concentrates their day of work on outward inspiration. 14. In spite of the fact that a generalist ordinarily, designers are experts in the field in which they concoct. 15. Development frequently starts with the individuals who make answers for their own needs. 16. The characteristics that make individuals innovative don't really make them pioneering. 17. Makers regularly make new item developments so as to benefit from the offer of the advancement to clients. 18. Firms consider their in-house RD to be their least significant wellspring of development, yet at the same time feel it is important to have. 19. The most continuous coordinated efforts are among firms and their clients, providers, and neighborhood colleges. 20. A complementor is an organization or person that produces merchandise or administrations that improve the estimation of another item. 21. The way an innovation finishes time is named its innovation map. 22. Item development can empower process advancement. 23. The profundity of a development is supreme. 24. Radical advancement involves changing the general structure of the framework or the way that parts interface with one another. 25. So as to start a segment advancement, a firm requires information about the manner in which parts connection and coordinate to frame the entire framework. 26. A technology’s S-bend of execution improvement is irrelevant to its S-bend of dispersion. 27. The S-bend in mechanical improvement is a plot of execution against exertion and cash put resources into that innovation. 8. Until another innovation has set up a level of authenticity, it might be hard to draw in different analysts to take an interest in its turn of events. 29. Innovations consistently get the chance to arrive at their exhibition constrains before being supplanted by another innovation. 30. â€Å"Moore’s Law† alludes to the quickly expanding thickness of transistors on coordinated circuits that empowered microchip execution to increment drastically. This expansion in thickness is relied upon to consistently proceed at a similar rate.

Role Theory

Understanding Intimate Partner Violence through Role Theory: A Concept Paper Introducing Role Theory Role hypothesis is a sociological system that has been utilized to clarify sets of social examples between individuals across changing settings. It looks to clarify one of the most significant qualities of human social conduct †the way that how individuals act, carry on and talk are not independent, exceptional, separated yet rather, are intelligent of specific examples and courses of action that rely upon the social setting and the on-screen characters in these unique circumstances (Mangus, 1957; Biddle, 1986). To represent, inside the setting of a personal connection, for example, marriage, savagery between accomplices can be attached to the specific examples and courses of action of acting, acting and talking between accomplices â€, for example, acquiring cash, raising kids, dealing with the home and starting sexual relations. Albeit a few variants of the hypothesis have been elucidated by researchers, there has all the earmarks of being understanding that job hypothesis is mostly around three interrelated ideas: (1) designed and trademark social practices, (2) sections or ways of life as accepted by social members, and (3) contents or desires for conduct that are comprehended and followed by entertainers in a specific social setting (Biddle, 1986). For example, embracing a job hypothesis point of view to understanding close accomplice viciousness requires taking a gander at the designed and trademark social practices of personal accomplices in a relationship, the parts or characters that each accomplice plays in the relationship, and the contents or desires that are deciphered and clung to by the accomplices in a specific social setting, explicitly in circumstances of fierce experiences. Besides, the hypothesis additionally considers a comprehension of the connections among the individual, aggregate and auxiliary degrees of society (Turner, 2001), as it manages the association and association of social conduct between the miniaturized scale, full scale and moderate degrees of society. Along these lines, inside job hypothesis, an examination of cozy accomplice savagery involves investigating the individual practices of accomplices in a fierce relationship and following the linkages of these practices to the social structures that exist in a specific culture. Characterizing Roles Vital to job hypothesis is the idea of job. A few definitions have been attributed to the idea of job in the writing. On a general level, the idea of job incorporates a depiction of practices, attributes, standards and qualities held by an individual (Thomas and Biddle, 1966). Another definition distinguishes job as a group of practices and mentalities that are comprehended as having a place together, with the end goal that an individual is considered as acting reliably while authorizing the different segments of a solitary job and dynamically when the person in question neglects to do as such (Turner, 2001). For example, the customary manly job can be described as forceful, aspiring, predominant, free and tireless while the conventional ladylike job can be outlined as pleasant, affable, thoughtful, trusting, understanding and warm (Ellington and Marshall, 1997). All things considered, an accomplice who assumes the manly job must sanction practices and mentalities that are ordinary of this job, for example, being forceful, predominant, autonomous and agentic. For this accomplice cast in the manly job, to be uninvolved, reliant and pleasing suggests inconsistency with the conventional manly job. In particular, a job may allude to conduct that is anticipated from individuals who possess specific social classes, for example, statuses (or positions) in both formal and casual frameworks (Montgomery, 1998 as refered to in Lynch, 2007; Biddle and Thomas, 1979 as refered to in Lynch, 2007). Jobs may likewise be intelligent of the social qualities and standards in a specific culture (Zurcher, 1983 as refered to in Lynch, 2007). Jobs may likewise be conceptualized as an asset that social on-screen characters attempt to use to accomplish certain social objectives (Callero, 1994). This presumption recommends two things: (1) that human office is encouraged and communicated using jobs as assets, and (2) that jobs are utilized as apparatuses in the foundation of social structures (Baker and Faulkner, 1991 as refered to in Callero, 1994). Most social jobs exist two by two or sets. In this way, jobs can be conceptualized as related through unmistakable job connections (Mangus, 1957). In that capacity, there could be no spouse job without a wife job and no parent job without a kid job. With regards to imply viciousness, there exists the culprit casualty job set. As sorted out examples of social conduct, jobs are of a few kinds (Mangus, 1957). Jobs might be credited to the individual, forced upon an individual or accomplished by the individual (Mangus, 1957). Sex and sexual orientation jobs are attributed to or forced upon an individual (Mangus, 1957). For example, one needs to accept the manly job on the off chance that one is male or the ladylike job on the off chance that one is brought into the world female. Then again, one’s jobs in gatherings and word related frameworks, for example, pioneer, go between or peacemaker, are accomplished jobs. Jobs may likewise be comprehended as nonexclusive or explicit. A few jobs might be unavoidable, diligent, summed up and exceptionally essential to a person’s life while different jobs might be restricted, subordinate, impermanent, segregated and immaterial to a person’s life (Mangus, 1957). To represent, in a fierce personal connection, the jobs of culprit and casualty might be the dominating design in the relationship. Then again, these jobs may likewise be viewed as secluded to specific social settings and therefore comprehended as subordinate to different jobs, for example, father, mother, provider and overseer. Jobs may likewise be profoundly theoretical or they might be concrete (Mangus, 1957). Dynamic jobs rise up out of social frameworks of statuses and are communicated as summed up moral principles (Mangus, 1957). Instances of theoretical jobs are clear in all inclusive desires for trustworthiness and equity. Status jobs incorporate rights and obligations that exude from a given position or office (Mangus, 1957). Representations of status jobs can be found in the privileges and commitments that are given to people of power, for example, administrators, pioneers or leaders. Turner (2001) additionally recognized four wide sorts of jobs: (1) essential jobs, (2) position or status jobs, (3) practical gathering jobs, and (4) esteem jobs. Fundamental jobs allude to jobs that are related with sexual orientation, age and social class (Banton, 1965 as refered to in Turner, 2001). These are viewed as fundamental jobs since they apply to a wide scope of circumstances and in light of the fact that they will in general change the importance and taking up of different sorts of jobs. The second kind of jobs, position or status jobs, compare to positions in associations or officially sorted out gatherings (Turner, 2001). Word related and family jobs might be viewed as instances of position or status jobs. Utilitarian gathering jobs are the casual standards of conduct that emerge suddenly as people take on situational characters during social associations (Benne and Sheats, 1948 as refered to in Turner, 2001). Instances of utilitarian gathering jobs are middle person, organizer, pundit, advisor, pioneer and supporter. At long last, esteem jobs are like utilitarian gathering jobs in that the two sorts of jobs develop suddenly from the social communication. Nonetheless, esteem jobs will in general be joined to emphatically or contrarily esteemed characters (Turner, 2001). In personal connections, instances of significant worth jobs can be the jobs of legend, lowlife, holy person, miscreant, culprit or casualty. Subsequent to giving a review of job hypothesis and the idea of jobs, we presently go to clarify the two significant ways to deal with understanding job hypothesis. Two Main Approaches to Understanding Roles A survey of the related writing recognized two fundamental ways to deal with getting jobs: (1) the conventional basic utilitarian methodology and (2) the interactionist approach. In this area, we feature the qualities of each approach just as give a clarification of the significant presumptions inside every point of view. We additionally give delineations regarding how each approach can help edify our comprehension of close accomplice connections. At last, we examine the restrictions of each approach. Conventional Structural-Functional Approach The auxiliary functionalist custom of job hypothesis centers around how jobs, as fixed segments of complex social structures, societies or social frameworks, impact the conduct of individuals (Lynch, 2007). Two related strands of job hypothesis are implanted inside this methodology †auxiliary job hypothesis and useful job hypothesis. Basic job hypothesis focuses on social structures, which are comprehended as steady associations of sets of people (called â€Å"social positions† or â€Å"statuses†) who share the equivalent designed and qualities practices (jobs) that are comparable to others sets of people in the structure (Biddle, 1986). This specific strand of customary job hypothesis alludes to parts of sorted out gatherings as â€Å"status† and to the fixed practices expected of people possessing a status as â€Å"roles† Stryker, 2001). In this way, jobs might be conceptualized as the dynamic part of statuses or social situations, with jobs relating to rights and obligations connected to statuses or social positions (Stryker, 2001). Inside this strand, jobs are comprehended as existing before the social association of individuals who possess the statu ses or social situations, as jobs begin from the gathered encounters of past people who have recently involved a status or social position (Stryker, 2001). The second strand of conventional job hypothesis †functionalist job hypothesis †features the trademark practices of people who possess social situations inside a steady social framework (Biddle, 1986). Inside this strand, jobs are conce

Why the Best Businesses for Sale Arent for Sale

Why  the  Best Businesses  for  Sale Arent  for  Sale The freedom that comes with being an entrepreneur who owns his own business is exhilarating.No boss giving you orders left, right and center. You get to work on something that you actually care about, not any random project that lands on your desk.Most importantly, all the hard work you put in translates into real money in your bank account, not your  employer’s bank  account. After thinking about it for some time and saving up some money, you are ready to take the plunge and become a business owner.There is only one small problem â€" starting a business from scratch is hard. Either you can’t seem to come up with the right  business idea, you don’t know how to come up with a  killer business plan, you don’t know how you will drive customers to your new business, you don’t know if there is a ready market for your product, you don’t even know whether the business will work.The list of potential pitfalls is endless.So, how do you still make true your dream of owning your own business without having to go through all the trouble of starting one from scratch? In this case, your best option is to buy an existing business.When you purchase an existing business, all the difficult tasks associated with starting the business have been done for you. You don’t have to reinvent the wheel.There are a number of reasons why buying an existing business is less risky than building one from scratch.An existing business already has existing customers, so you won’t have to spend a lot of time and effort finding your first customers.You will also get the benefit of immediate cash flow. You will also be sure that there is a ready market for your product or service.By buying an existing business, you can also save yourself the time and effort of  hiring new employees  by retaining the existing employees, who will already be knowledgeable about the business.Finally, when you purchase an existing business, there is a financial history to look at, which gives you a more a ccurate idea of what to expect, compared to a new business where you have to make do with financial projections, which are educated guesses at best.It is also easier to secure loans and  funding using figures from past business compared to projections.WHY YOU SHOULD NOT BUY A BUSINESS THAT IS FOR SALEOnce you decide to purchase an existing business, the common approach for most people is to scour websites and magazines that list ‘for sale’ businesses and try to find a business you might be interested in.The problem is that, very often, the most popular course of action is not always the best, and in this case, going the popular route of snapping up a business that is for  sale could turn out to be your biggest mistake. Why is this? What is wrong with businesses that are for sale?Before I answer that question, I will first  need you to engage your imagination for a second. Assume you are an entrepreneur who owns a thriving business.  Customers patronize your business by the bus l oads, you consistently meet and exceed your sales targets, your business is booming.Would you wake up one day and decide to put the business up for sale? If you answered no, this should give you an answer to our previous question.No one just wakes up and decides to put their business up for sale.Every business you find listed in for sale listings is listed there for a reason.  In most cases, the reason is that the business is failing.  The business could be failing for any number of reasons.A powerful competitor might have come into the industry, the business’s products or services might no longer be relevant, the brand might have been based on a seasonal fad or trend, the products or services might have been of low quality, the owner might be experiencing financial difficulties, the list is endless.It doesn’t matter the reason behind the failure of the business, but buying a failing business is not a very wise move. Unless you have a powerful advantage that will help you overtu rn the business’s fortunes, you should avoid buying a failing business. In addition, when a business is listed for sale, it attracts several potential buyers.This shifts the balance of power to the seller and allows them to place a higher price on the business, with little room for negotiation.This makes the situation even worse for you, the buyer. Not only are you buying a failing business, but you are also buying it at a high price.Of course, I am not saying that  every business listed for sale is failing. Sometimes, there is a good reason behind the owner’s intention to sell. The owner might be retiring, they might be moving or making other major life changes, they might be forced to sell the business due to medical issues, and so on.However, such situations are exceptions, and it might be hard telling who is selling for a genuine reason. Therefore, it is best to avoid buying a business from the for sale market.BUYING BUSINESSES THAT ARE NOT FOR SALESince it is not a good ide a to buy businesses that are not for sale, the secret is to buy a business that is not currently for sale.The truth is that every business owner is willing to sell their business â€" for the right price. The key to getting them to sell is making them an offer they can’t refuse.Of course,  I’m not asking you to make an offer worth billions of dollars, like Facebook did when it  bought messaging app WhatsApp for $19 billion. No, you don’t need billions of dollars to buy an existing business.You only need to do your proper research and then come up with a figure that is appealing enough for the owner.Buying a business that is not for sale has a number of advantages. First, going for a business that is not for sale put you in a proactive position.Rather than choosing from what is available in the market, you have the option of choosing a business that aligns most with your goals and objectives.Second, the management of a business that is not listed for sale are more focused on mak ing the best decisions for the future of the company, rather than being focused on making a swift exit. In  some  cases, you can even retain the management after purchasing the business.Finally, you don’t have to compete with other potential buyers, which allows you to get the best possible deal.While buying a business that is not on sale is your best option, it is not as straightforward as buying a listed business. When a business has been listed for sale, you already know the owner, you know they are willing to sell, and you know their asking price for the business.When a business is not for sale, you might not even know who the owner is,  and  you are not even sure whether they will agree  to let go of the business.With a business that is not for sale, you have to put in some extra work, but it’s all worth it. Below are the steps you need to follow to buy a business that is not for sale.Identify Potential BusinessesThe fact that you are looking for businesses that are not on the market is both a good and a bad thing.On one hand, it means you have an unlimited options to choose from. You can literally go for any business that is you are interested in, provided you have the resources to purchase it.On the other hand, it means that you have to work harder to find these businesses. Unlike on a market where businesses are listed for you, you have to do the work of finding prospective businesses to purchase by yourself.To identify potential businesses that you might be interested in buying, you need to first decide what industry you want to do business in.You also need to decide the nature of the business you want to get into. Are you more comfortable with an ecommerce business or a brick-and-mortar business? Are you looking to buy a blog?You also need to figure out the ideal size of the business you want to purchase.This will mostly be determined by the size of your budget. You should also consider the location of your ideal business (for brick and mortar bu sinesses).Once you have decided on the parameters of your ideal business, you can then come up with a list of businesses that meet these parameters and businesses that you can imagine yourself operating.ResearchOnce you have created a list of potential businesses that you would be interested in buying, now is the time in to do the hard work. Thoroughly research each of the businesses you  identified above and try to find out as much as possible about each of these businesses.What products or services does the business  deal in? What is its pricing model? What is its  unique selling proposition? Who are its main competitors? Does it have any legal problems? Is it a franchise? If yes, find out about the franchise company as well.Conduct a  SWOT analysis  of the business to find out the strengths and weaknesses of the business and its opportunities and threats. Since you don’t have insider information about the business at this stage, you should conduct the SWAT analysis as though yo u were starting a new, similar business.When doing the research, you want to make sure you know everything you can about the business.The more you know, the better. Not only will it impress the owner once you approach them, it will also allow you to make a more accurate assessment of the business and  make it easier for you to negotiate with the owner.After researching the businesses you identified above, you can narrow your list to two or three businesses that you are actually interested in purchasing. You can now move on to the next step.Make  a  Business PlanMost people assume that a  business plan  is only useful when building a new business from scratch. This crucial document is useful even when you are purchasing an existing business. Go ahead and prepare a business plans  that you will submit to the owners  of the businesses  you intend to purchase.The business plan for purchasing a business is, however, a bit different from the conventional business plan.In the plan, you sho uld include any relevant education and experience you have that make you qualified enough to run the business.You should include a section that explains how you will handle the transition from the current owner to yourself. You should also include a section detailing the exit strategy of the current owner, explaining the terms and timelines under which the current owner will hand over the business to you.Finally, you also need to include your financial information â€" such as assets or financing that you plan to use for the transaction â€" to demonstrate that you are indeed capable of purchasing the business.Approach  the  OwnerHaving researched the business and developed a business plan for purchasing the business, you are finally ready to approach the owner with an offer. If you are already acquainted  with the person, you can approach them directly and pitch your offer. If you are not acquainted, you can send an email  stating your desire to buy the business.Alternatively, you ca n send an intermediary to speak to the business owner on your behalf. This is a great option when you want to impress the owner. However, you should make sure that your chosen intermediary is a professional who knows what they are doing.When making the initial contact, it is wise to  share your  resume  with the business owner so that they can see how your background is relevant to the business. You should also make it clear that you have no problem signing a non-disclosure agreement before being allowed to look at the documents pertaining to the business and its operations.When you follow the above steps, there are four possible outcomes. The first one is that they accept your offer, in which case you have achieved what you wanted. The second possible outcome is that they ignore your offer.This could be an unspoken refusal, or they could have missed your email. You can follow up after some time to find out whether they missed your email or whether they are not interested in your of fer. The third possible reaction is to receive a weak rejection, which opens up room for negotiation and closing the deal.The final possible outcome is to receive a strong rejection, which means that the owner is not even remotely interested in selling the business. In this case, you can move on to the other businesses you identified  earlier.THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN BUYING A BUSINESSBefore buying a business, you also need to evaluate it to determine whether it will be successful after you take it over. You don’t want a business going under a few months after  you take over.Once negotiations are underway, ask the business owner to provide you with detailed information about the business and its operations.This information will also help you in valuing the business. You can even bring in a second pair of eyes, such as a business accountant or a business lawyer, to go through the information with you and ensure that everything is in order before you go through with the transaction.So me of the things you should closely look at before signing on the dotted line include:  InventoryWhen buying a service based business, you don’t have to worry about placing value on the inventory. If the business deals in physical products, however, you have to find out value of the inventory that is in stock.You will need to first conduct a physical inventory to determine the quantities of all products and materials that are in stock.You also need to look at the physical condition of the inventory and think about how you are going to sell the products. If the products are old/outdated or in bad shape, you might have to sell them below their full value, therefore you need to put this into consideration when valuing them.Very often, the inventory will not be worth the  amounts shown  in the books, therefore it is a great idea to have the inventory appraised to determine its exact value before buying.Equipment, Machinery  and  Other AssetsWhat equipment and machinery does the busine ss rely on for production? Does the business own these equipment or are they leased? What is their value? When valuing machinery and equipment, you should factor in their current condition as well as depreciation.You also need to find out whether this equipment is tied to any outstanding debt through  equipment financing. Assets will also include any real estate owned by the business. Assets may also include any non-physical but valuable goods owned by the business, such as the brand, goodwill, patents, and trademarks.Valuing this intangible assets is a lot more challenging compared to tangible assets, and should be done with the help of a qualified business valuer.Financial DocumentsExamine all the financial documents associated with the business you want to buy. These include sales records, financial statements, all  accounts payable,  all  accounts receivables, tax returns, and so on. Going through these documents will give you a clear picture of the business’s overall earning power and a feel of the  cash flow  within the business.Financial documents can be a bit complex sometimes, so it is a great idea to enlist the help of an accountant who is familiar with that type of business to help you make sense of the documents.Legal Documents  and  ContractsThoroughly examine any document that is legally binding to the business.These include employee contracts, leases, sales contracts, purchase and distribution agreements, and so on. Going through these documents ensures that you are aware of what exactly you are getting into.You should also look at documents like articles of incorporation, business registration documents, patents, registered trademarks, and so on.This will give you a good picture of where you can do business or not, the structure of the business, as well as any intellectual property that you will have access to after buying the business.Outstanding Debts  and  List of LiabilitiesVery often, businesses operate using loans and debts. While this is not a bad thing, you want to make sure you know about any existing debt before you take over the business, since the debt will be transferred to you after you buy the business.Confirm whether there are suppliers and other business partners who are owed by the business.You should also confirm whether any of the business assets, such as equipment, capital, or accounts receivables are tied to any loans. You also need to confirm whether any of the business’s assets have been put on lien by creditors.Location, Market  and  CustomersIt is also a good idea to get a feel for the business’s location (for brick and mortar businesses), market and customers. Where is the business located? What other businesses are in the surrounding area? Are there any competitors nearby?What is the market for the products like? Who are the business’s greatest customers? What are the  customer patterns? When does the business have the highest sales? Does the business rely on new or repeat customers? Do the customers pay in full or on credit?Finding the answers to these questions will help you determine whether the business is right for you and whether it will survive after you take over.For instance, if the current owner has built great relationships with customers, making the customers loyal to him rather than the business, you might lose a huge portion of these customers after you take over the business.WRAPPING UPBuying an existing business is a great way to become a business owner without having to go through the struggles and challenges of building a new business from scratch. Once you decide to buy a business, however, don’t go for a business that is already on sale.These businesses are usually on sale because they are not doing so well. Instead, identify a business that is not on sale but one that aligns with your goals and objectives, research about it, and then approach the owner with  an  offer  to buy.

6 Tips for New, First-Year MBA Students

Being a new student can be difficult--no matter how old you are or how many years of school you already have under your belt. This can be especially true for first-year MBA students. They are thrown into a new environment that is known for being rigorous, challenging, and quite frequently competitive. Most are nervous about the prospect and spend a great deal of time struggling with the transition. If you are in the same spot, the following tips may help. Tour Your School One of the problems with being in a new environment is that you dont always know where youre going. This can make it hard to get to class on time and find the resources you need. Before your class sessions start, be sure to take a thorough tour of the school. Familiarize yourself with the location of all of your classes as well as the facilities you might use--the library, the admissions office, the career center, etc. Knowing where you are going will make the first few days a lot easier to get through. Establish a Schedule Making time for classes and coursework can be a challenge, especially if you are trying to balance a job and family with your education. The first few months can be particularly overwhelming. Establishing a schedule early on can help you stay on top of everything. Buy or download a daily planner and use it to track everything you need to do each day. Making lists and crossing things off as you complete them will keep you organized and help you with your time management. Learn to Work in a Group Many business schools require study groups or team projects. Even if your school does not require this, you may want to consider joining or starting your own study group. Working with other students in your class is a great way to network and get team experience. Although it is not a good idea to try to get other people to do your work for you, there is no harm in helping each other work through difficult material. Depending on others and knowing that others depend on you is also a good way to stay on track academically. Learn to Read Dry Text Quickly Reading is a huge part of business school coursework. In addition to a textbook, you will also have other required reading materials, such as case studies and lecture notes. Learning how to read a lot of dry text quickly will help you in each one of your classes. You shouldnt always speed read, but you should learn how to skim text and assess what is important and what is not. Network Networking is a big part of the business school experience. For new MBA students, finding time to network can be a challenge. However, it is very important that you incorporate networking into your schedule. The contacts you meet in business school can last a lifetime and may just help you get a job after graduation. Dont Worry It is easy advice to give and hard advice to follow. But the truth is that you shouldnt worry. Many of your fellow students share the same concerns. They are nervous too. And like you, they want to do well. The advantage in this is that you are not alone. The nervousness you feel is perfectly normal. The key is to not let it stand in the way of your success. Although you may be uncomfortable at first, your business school will eventually begin to feel like a second home. You will make friends, you will get to know your professors and what is expected of you, and you will keep up with the coursework if you give yourself enough time to complete it and ask for help when you need it. Get more tips on how to manage school stress.

Pork Barreling Essay - 787 Words

Pork barrel legislations is a daily occurrence in American government. Howard Scarrow showcases this in his May 6th column in The Village Times Herald, Our bacon, their park. His example of the recently proposed highway bill is a blatant exposure of pork barrel legislation. He indicates many causes of this distributive politics that would lead to legislation such as the highway bill. Pork barrel legislation allows for a congressman to appeal to his constituents by adding on seemingly small projects that would benefit his district, to a larger bill. This small portion of the legislation is usually overlooked and passed along with the main part of the bill. In a way distributive politics is a sneaky way for congressmen to bring home†¦show more content†¦Pork barrel legislation is a way for congressmen to show their voters what great projects they can get funded and use those programs to get reelected. Distributive politics has flourished in American government because of legislative processes in Congress. Pet projects like those in the highway bill are possible in American government. James Madison said that America did not need to worry about factions because in such a large country there would be so many factions that they would cancel each other out. What Madison did not anticipate was that these factions would work together to further their own agendas. A sort of Ill vote for your part of the bill if you vote for mine. Passing legislation is such a long and complicated process that can be simplified if the bill just passes. So if every congressmen has a part of the bill that benefits his district, the bill will be easier to pass. Committees are put together so that the work in congress can be split up. This results in many bills being passed strictly based on pork barrel issues. No one opposes anything because to rework a bill is too much work. And why vote down a b ill when your district will benefit from it being passed. The consequences of federal pork barreling are todays public opinions of Congress. Voters express a sixty percent approval rating of their own personal representatives. However, voters opinion of Congress as aShow MoreRelated Mr. Smith Goes to Washington Essays902 Words   |  4 PagesHowever, in todays legislature, people like Mr. Smith are rare due to the fact that a politicians primary goal is re-election. The good of the people may come as another intention of a politician, but it is always secondary to bringing home the pork. There should be more people like Mr. Smith because the legislature would be able to make decisions more effectively and efficiently, rather than how slowly they currently operate. This is an unfortunate truth, yet it is how our society has been shapedRead MoreCongressmen See The Incumbency Advantage As A Blessing1105 Words   |  5 Pagesthis makes the representative less responsive to his constituents (Friedman 69). The incumbency advantage is disastr ous to the democratic system and as a result there are not enough competitive seats in congress, an extensive amount of irrelevant pork barreling added to bills, and the XXII amendment unjustifiably does not apply to congressmen. Once a candidate has been elected as a congressman, the chances of reelection become easier each term. 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Initech is representative of a political organization, and I have found that many corporate organizations are also guilty of this type of atmosphere. Peter Gibbons character in Office Space is criticized on miniscule tasks

The Emulation of Art ; Life Free Essays

In all walks of everyday life, lessons and experiences are collected in hopes to use them in future scenarios. Many writers throughout history have said they have used these occurrences in their work. At various point in life situations arise in which decisions must be made and once the choice is being carried out, there comes a point when one cannot go back and change course. We will write a custom essay sample on The Emulation of Art ; Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now This inability to revert one’s path is called the â€Å"Point of No Return. † In other instances the use of geography may not only be viewed literally but also serve as a metaphor.There are also periods when isolation has an effect on the behavior of an individual. Point of no return, use of geographic surroundings and isolation are concepts used in all of the following works: Francis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now (Now), William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† (A Rose), and Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried† (Things). In these three pieces one shall see not only the ideas of â€Å"Point of No Return† (PNR), geographic surroundings, and isolation, but the notion of art imitating life. Foremost, PNR comes in a variety of ways for each of the many characters we encounter in these adventures.In Now, we see Willard’s PNR towards the end of the film after he has arrived at Kurtz’s compound. As he sits in the darkness, Chef’s decapitated head is thrust into his lap. Without Chef to aid him, Willard realizes he is truly on his own. In order to escape Kurtz’s world intact, he must complete his mission alone. In the case of Emily’s manservant in â€Å"A Rose,† the PNR is depicted after the death of Emily. â€Å"The negro met the first of the ladies at the front door and let them in, with their hushed, sibilant voices and their quick, curious glances, and then he disappeared.He walked right through the house and out the back and was not seen again. † (Faulkner, pg. 7) The manservant is aware of the truth of Emily’s dark life which shall soon be exposed to all and does not want to be in the vicinity when it happens. For Lt. Cross in â€Å"Things†, the PNR occurs following Ted Lavender being shot and killed. â€Å"It wouldn’t help Lavender, he knew that, but from this point on he would comport himself as a soldier. † (O’Brien, 13) After this tragic event, a transformation in the Lt. ’s attitude towards the remaining men occurs. On the morning after Ted Lavender died, First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross crouched at the bottom of his foxhole and burned Martha’s letters. † (O’Brien, 12) His feelings of love for Martha have also been replaced by an emotion resembling anger. Given these examples, PNR is present in each one of these accounts. The use of geography can be interpreted in numerous ways. As the men in Now make their way into the depths of the jungle, the Nyung River gradually becomes narrow. Slowly the soldiers are picked off one by one. The group begins to diminish, as does the width of the waterway.Another use of geographic surroundings is found in Faulkner’s work. His description of Emily’s home and its location demonstrate the similarity in her temperament. â€Å"But garages and cotton gins had encroached and obliterated even the august names of that neighborhood; only Miss Emily’s house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps- -an eyesore among eyesores. † (Faulkner, pg. 1) Although modern technology is progressing all around her traditional neighborhood, and the South for that matter, she stubbornly refuses to adapt.The geography is split into both literal and metaphoric ways in â€Å"Things. † â€Å"They carried the land itself. Vietnam, the place, the sod- a powdery orange-red dust that covered their boots and fatigues and faces. They carried the sky. The whole atmosphere, they carried it, the humidity, the monsoons, the stink of fungus and decay, all of it, they carried gravity. † (O’Brien, pg. 7) Not only did the soldiers carry the soil of Vietnam on their boots but they carried the experiences of Vietnam in their minds. All of the tangible and idealistic aspects of being in a war-torn country are what these souls carried.Geography used by these storytellers create a world which not only can be seen but be felt deep within. Lastly, the third concept found in each of these works is isolation. A wise man once said, â€Å"The true character of a person is revealed once they think no one is watching. † (A. Mancha) This becomes evident in NOW when the three remaining men have reached Kurtz’s dwelling. In front of the natives, Kurtz is God-like in his demeanor. However, inside the temple and away from his worshipers, Willard sees what lies beneath Kurtz, a man. A man who poetically writes the horrors of what he has seen, done and become.Willard becomes conscious of Kurtz’s desire and anticipation of his own death. â€Å"Everybody wanted me to do it, him most of all. I felt like he was up there, waiting for me to take the pain away. He just wanted to go out like a soldier, standing up, not like some poor, wasted, rag-assed renegade. Even the jungle wanted him dead, and that’s who he really took his orders from anyway. † Kurtz is aware of Willard’s mission and welcomes it. In â€Å"A Rose,† the segregation of Emily from society, enforced by her father â€Å"clutching a horsewhip† (Faulkner, pg3), played a major role in Emily’s lack of emotional and mental development. On a tarnished gilt easel before the fireplace stood a crayon portrait of Miss Emily’s father. †(Faulkner, pg. 2) Although Emily is of adult age she still remains much like a child as she uses crayons to create her father’s portrait. The isolation seen in â€Å"Things† comes in form of the deployment of the soldiers. These men are stripped from everything they know, from the families they love to the climates they are familiar with. â€Å"The things they carried were largely determined by necessity. † (O’Brien, pg. ) The men have replaced these elements with items each soldier deems essential for survival. This is not limited to weapons and food but also pictures, books and other mementos from home. As one can see, Coppola, Faulkner, and O’Brien’s works reflect abstract and concrete notions of art imitating life. By using PNR, geography and isolation, these men were able to illustrate their points on a deep and abysmal level. The impact these works have had on society are invaluable and because of their timeless nature will continue to influence artists throughout the years. How to cite The Emulation of Art ; Life, Papers

Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte Essay Example

Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte Essay Heathcliff does not find peace even after his extreme violent, hateful, and revengeful behavior in reaction to losing his beloved; however, his belief that he and his beloved would have a spiritual reunion in the life hereafter might be true.IntroductionHardly any novels have been analyzed as critically as â€Å"Wuthering Heights† by Emily Bronte. It has been scrutinized from all possible psychoanalytical viewpoints; at the same time it has been portrayed as a spiritual novel also. Generally speaking, it is an account of an anti-hero, named Heathcliff, and his endeavor to take away â€Å"Wuthering Heights† from its lawful heirs, Catherine and Hindley Earnshaw. Therefore, in this composite tale of extreme romance, Heathcliff is represented as a cuckoo is successful in disinherit the lawful inheritor to â€Å"Wuthering Heights†. Heathcliff’s feeling of revenge is the motivating force behind the plan he has made, nonetheless he deceives irregular indications of love for Haretonwho is a young chap whom he has destroyed.AnalysisThe word â€Å"Wuthering† is an idiom used to describe the severity of the climate of Yorkshire, with its full of atmosphere uproar.† (Bronte, 167) The name of the story not only suggests the cottage and its residents but also refers to the impact that Heathcliff’s passion for Catherine has on him and individuals who are near to him. As we move on in the story, we notice that his character becomes consecutively distorted and thus he loses his beloved Catherine. By the time Heathcliff comes back from a cast out forced by him in order to get educated and wealthy the reunion with Catherine slashes his body and spirit even more, and brings destruction to everyone who is around him. His eventual revenge was to make Hareton, who was the son of Hindley, undergo the same torture like he did. â€Å"Wuthering,† â€Å"tumult,† and â€Å"stunted growth† relate likewise to nature and hum ans in this story. However no detestation and hatred as extreme as Heathcliff’s can maintain itself; it burns extremely violently. (Bronte, 169) Once he has taken his revenge as planned, Heathcliff accomplishes his greatest wish which is to unite with his much-loved Catherine. However, this re-union can only take place in the life after death in the spiritual world.â€Å"Wuthering Heights† is a complex discovery of what happens when the conventional arrangement of a society is thrown out of equilibrium. As far as the Linton and Earnshaw families are concerned, it is the emergence of Heathcliff, who is the black, strange orphan who puts a series of incidents into action which devastates or threatens to destroy the existence of a lot of characters in the story. (Miles, 121) Even though it is in no way evidently expressed, there are a few reasons to believe that Heathcliff may possibly be the unlawful child of Mr. Earnshaw, who actually brought him into his own house and claimed to have found the child in Liverpool. Heathcliff posed a great danger to the Earnshaw family since he was very dark and thus was different, aggressive and perhaps a step-sibling to the Earnshaw’s off springs, Catherine and Hindley. This complexity adds up to a more upsetting aspect to the physical, spiritual, and emotional appeal and desire that builds among Catherine and Heathcliff. Other than the likelihood of breaching the incest taboo is the issue of social category: for the reason that he had a different origin, Heathcliff could by no means fit into the life of the Earnshaw/Linton family unit. However it is on top of all the love and passion that existed between Catherine and Heathcliff that resulted in the destruction of the two families. (Everitt, 59) It is because of the Heathcliff’s misinterpretation of the eavesdropping during the dialogue between Catherine and her nurse, Nelly Dean that makes him go away for exile and ultimately provides him the fina ncial way to influence his vengeance in opposition to the Earnshaws and the Lintons.Whilst Heathcliff comes back to Wuthering Heights after several years’ disappearance, he discovers Catherine and Edgar married to each other. Heathcliff’s rage destroys everything he lays his hands on, from the overlooked child of Hindley and Frances Earnshaw, the aggressive Hareton, to Edgar Linton’s fragile sister, Isabella. Heathcliff’s foremost evident act of vengeance against Catherine and Edgar was to convince and get married to Isabella. From moment onwards till the time he died several years later, Heathcliff’s rage at losing Catherine destroyed each and every person with whom he came into contact with, which included his wife Isabella, his very own son, Catherine’s daughter, and her cousin.Although both he and Catherine had gotten married, Heathcliff did not let her live in peace. Not satisfied merely to torment his own wife, Isabella, Heathcliff sho wed violence to Catherine vocally, and his violent behavior caused her to fall sick and pass away shortly, whilst giving delivery to little Cathy. Heathcliff in no way recovered from the loss of Catherine, which remained the cause for his cruel behavior of every person whom he acquaintanced with her. His resentment furthermore directly caused his very own death. (Kavanaugh, 212) Nevertheless, for his violence, hatred, and spite, Heathcliff did not find peace of mind or liberation from pain and misery. He merely succeeded in financially ruining Hindley; take into custody Edgar Linton’s wealth; and producing in youthful Hareton an untaught, aggressive animal.When Heathcliff is close to dying, Bronte once again makes use of the weather to reflect a personality’s inner tumult. Heathcliff died unaccompanied whilst a storm raged in the region of the Heights. He was afterwards found, a window opened, the insinuation being that Catherine at last came to state that he was all h ers’ now. Whilst this sight was the climax scene of the novel, it did not represent the decree of Wuthering Heights, as Bronte gave a conclusion that offered hope in the coming together of Cathy and Hareton Earnshaw. Cathy tamed Hareton and taugh him to understand writing, and she in addition learned to love and value him. (Kavanaugh, 213) The union of Cathy and Hareton Earnshaw represented a altered version of the love of Catherine and Heathcliff. Catherine herself was unable to have Heathcliff in his lifetime; however her daughter Cathy could hope to put together a fulfilling life with Hareton. Even though Heathcliff and Catherine’s love was not able survive in this lifetime, Bronte implied that the two lovers would at last be together in the life hereafter.An important aspect of the novel â€Å"Wuthering Heights† was basically the examination of the meaning of romance. By differentiating the fervent, love between Catherine and Heathcliff with the social set u p of marriage, the author argues in the support of individual choice. Catherine and Heathcliff both claimed that they knew each other like they knew themselves and that they are an essential part of one another. They believed that if one died, the other’s life will diminish greatly. (Davies, 19) This union, nevertheless, was destined to fail till the time they live due to the social restrictions. Heathcliff’s anonymous origin, his poverty, and his being uneducated made him an incompatible partner for a woman, regardless of how open-minded her notions about independence. Bronte implied the likelihood of meeting after death when the people believed they saw the spirits of Heathcliff and Catherine together, however this idea is clearly disagreed by Lockwood’s final declaration in the story, which the dead sleep silently.The intense effect of Romantic poetry on Bronte’s fictional mind is apparent in her depiction of Heathcliff as an anti-hero. This depiction added to the unfeasibility of any joyful coming together of Catherine and Heathcliff till the time they lived. Heathcliff loomed bigger than life, subjected to extreme violence of sentiments; open to to neither learning nor development. Heathcliff craved for love and considered vengeance as the only means of justice when he is abandoned by other people. Catherine, who was self-occupied and experienced disturbing fits, had less intelligence for self-defense to identify Heathcliff’s mistakes, including his lack of morality. Deciding to get married to Edgar Linton was basically opting for spiritual destruction and disconnection from her other nature, because she saw no other way to reunite her emotional requirement for completeness with the physical support and mental strength that she required. (Davies, 25) She was not capable of earning a living and was reliant on her brother who was wasting the family wealth; she is compelled to agree to the social benefits and lavishness tha t Edgar offered.Nevertheless traditional type of romance offers no obvious guide to a good marriage moreover; together Edgar and his sister, Isabella, experience a tough time by believing in conventional ideas of love. Edgar did not know Catherine completely, and his effort to take charge of her, forced her very own rebellious self-damage. Isabella, enthralled by the heroic persona with which Heathcliff is so splendidly gifted, believed that she actually loved him and became a keen prey in his plot of revenge. The ironic statement in relation to the nature and worth of love and a question regarding whether any love can surpass social and natural obstacles still remains unquestioned.ConclusionIn Heathcliff’s lifetime, life was totally hell; it could never be a heaven, however as the next-generation of Earnshaw and Linton offspring raised, free of Heathcliff’s shameful influence, Emily Bronte implies, a spiritual reincarnation is promising. Wishful thinking is reflected by the end of the story.

Free sample - Social Story Interventions for Students. translation missing

Social Story Interventions for Students. Social Story Interventions for StudentsSocial Story Interventions for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders A Meta-Analysis According to the American Psychiatrist Association (APA, 2000), Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of disorders characterized by a variety of difficulties with social interactions, communication, interests and repetitive behaviors. Included in ASD is autism, Aspersers Syndrome(AS) and pervasive developmental disorder which is not otherwise specified(PDD-MOS.)A wide range of interventions have been practiced so as to   mitigate the disorder. Among the intervention strategies is the use of social stories. These are individualized short stories written by teachers or parents of students with ASD. These stories can according to Atwood,2000 be used to aid people with such disorders in interpreting and comprehending challenging or rather confusing social questions. Social stories also give information regarding what people in a given situation are doing, feeling, thinking, sequence of events and the identification of important social cues and their meaning. Basically, the storie s deal with the ; who, what, when and why aspects of social situations (Atwood, 2000.p.90). Reynhout and Carter conducted a meta-analysis of single subject research to examine the use of social stories and the role of comprehensive set of moderator variables which include intervention and participant characteristics on intervention outcomes. In 2004, Sansosti, Powel Smith and Kincaid had carried out a comprehensive review and synthesis of the already existing research literature relating to social story effectiveness and discovered that a lot of the conducted studies were deficient of experimental control, had weak treatment effects and were confounded by a range of treatment variables. This made it hard to determine whether social stories alone were responsible for the changes seen in target behaviors.(Reynhout and Carter ,p.466)coincide with the observations made by Kincaid and company. They note that 'existing research does not demonstrate unequivocally that social story intervention is consistently effective in facilitating behavior change in children with autism. A com parison between two related studies was done. The studies were: a meta-analysis of single subject research and a web based survey. The two research studies had the following set of questions :( a) what is the overall effectiveness of social stories? (b) How are social stories constructed and used? and (c) What are the control participant and intervention variables that moderate the effectiveness of social stories? In the meta-analysis, (Crozier, 2007) Percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) was computed for the total intervention in the study for each participant. A set of inclusion criteria was used i.e. â€Å"studies using non experimental AB designs†¦treatment packages, those involving participants without a diagnosis of ASD and those with ceiling effects in baselines were not included†(Crozier, 2007). Due to this, a total of 18 studies comprising of 15 published articles and 3 dissertations that had been published between the years 2002 and 2007 were included in the meta-analysis. The web based questionnaire analyzed using descriptive statistics provided data for the survey. The final sample was made up of 42 teachers who were dealing with students with ASD. The use and effectiveness of social story was obtained and later on compared and contrasted across the two studies. The results of the meta-analysis pointed out those social stories had low to questionable overall effectiveness as per the PND score of 62% in the range 11-100% obtained for the intervention. Most teachers on contrary perceived the stories as highly effective when used to address transition difficulties faced by students with ASD. The meta-analysis indicated larger effects of the social stories on the reduction of challenging traits as opposed to the increase of social stall. According to the studies, the use of teachers as agents of social stories in special education contexts is the most common. On the other hand, the use of social stories in general education classrooms with students as their own intervention agents were associated with greater treatment effectiveness. The application of Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)   to inform social story interventions is believed to have led to improved outcomes. Younger and higher functioning participants such as students with better communication and social skills seemed to benefit to a greater extent from the intervention compared to older students with lower levels of skill development. The analysis also made use of additional variables of interest such as format of social stories, length and intensity of the intervention, use of comprehensive checks and participant reading skills.

Battle of Memphis in the Civil War

Battle of Memphis in the Civil War Battle of Memphis - Conflict: The Battle of Memphis occurred during the American Civil War. Battle of Memphis - Date: The Confederate fleet was destroyed on June 6, 1862. Fleets Commanders: Union Flag Officer Charles H. DavisColonel Charles Ellet5 ironclad gunboats, 6 rams Confederate James E. MontgomeryBrigadier General Jeff M. Thompson8 rams Battle of Memphis - Background: In early June 1862, Flag Officer Charles H. Davis moved down the Mississippi River with a squadron of consisting of the ironclad gunboats USS Benton, USS St. Louis, USS Cairo, USS Louisville, and USS Carondelet. Accompanying him were six rams commanded by Colonel Charles Ellet. Operating in support of the Union advance, Davis sought to eliminate the Confederate naval presence near Memphis, TN, opening the city to capture. In Memphis, Confederate troops manning the citys defenses prepared to withdraw south as Union forces had cut the rail links to the north and east. Battle of Memphis - Confederate Plans: As the soldiers departed, the commander of the Confederate River Defense Fleet, James E. Montgomery, began making plans to take his eight cottonclad rams south to Vicksburg. These plans quickly collapsed when he was notified that there was not enough coal in the city to fuel his ships for the voyage. Montgomery was also plagued by a disjointed command system within his fleet. While he technically commanded the fleet, each ship retained its pre-war captain who was empowered to act independently once they left port. This was compounded by the fact that the vessels gun crews were provided by the army and served under their own officers. On June 6, when the Federal fleet appeared above the city, Montgomery called a meeting of his captains to discuss their options. The group decided to stand and fight rather than scuttling their ships and fleeing. Approaching Memphis, Davis ordered his gunboats to form a line of battle across the river, with Ellets rams in the rear. Battle of Memphis - The Union Attacks: Opening fire on Montgomerys lightly armed rams, the Union gunboats fired for around fifteen minutes before Ellet and his brother Lt. Colonel Alfred Ellet moved through the line with the rams Queen of the West and Monarch. As Queen of the West struck CSS General Lovell, Ellet was wounded in the leg. With the battle engaged at close quarters, Davis closed and the fighting deteriorated into a wild melee. As the ships battled, the heavy Union ironclads made their presence felt and succeeded in sinking all but one of Montgomerys ships. Battle of Memphis - Aftermath: With the River Defense Fleet eliminated, Davis approached the city and demanded its surrender. This was agreed to and Col. Ellets son Charles was sent ashore to officially take possession of the city. The fall of Memphis opened the Mississippi River to Union shipping and warships as far south a Vicksburg, MS. For the remainder of the war, Memphis would serve as a principal Union supply base. In the fighting on June 6, Union casualties were limited to Col. Charles Ellet. The colonel later died of measles which he contracted while recovering from his wound. Precise Confederate casualties are not known but most likely numbered between 180-200. The destruction of the River Defense Fleet effectively eliminated any significant Confederate naval presence on the Mississippi.

How is internationalisation transforming the nature of the Australian Essay

How is internationalisation transforming the nature of the Australian screen industry and what tensions does this create for local content and the representation of national identity - Essay Example Nevertheless, the year 1968 saw the revival of Australian cinema, in a quest to nationalize its content to address local and national interests. Accordingly, by the 1980s, Australian cinema produced respectable and morally cultivated films that fit the interests of the middle class viewers, as well as middle-aged ones (Ryan, 2009; pp. 45). The Australian government had put in place several regulations to ensure that the film content adhered to the preservation of Australian identity, culture, and character. Australian cinema was national in every sense, since it produced images that reflected the everyday life of the Australian people, the challenges they faced and their aspirations (Kindem, 62, 2000). The images in Australian film showed the Australian landscape and resources, while all the actors were of Australian origin, thus, enhancing the localization of Australian cinema. For a long time, Sydney has been the center of film production in Australia as the New South Wales (NSW) became the leading national producer of audio-visual films. This dominance by NSW and Sidney in Australian film production was a result of heavy federal funding and the presence of many institutions for training in cinematography. In spite of this growth in nationalized films, the Australian cinema was in a dilemma because the cultural and goals were in conflict with the goals of global economy. Evidently, the global economy affects each and every sector of the society, thus, the Australian film industry had little choice but to shift towards the goals of the global economy. During the twentieth century, Australia was also struggling with exhibition venues for its content, especially after the disintegration of the European movie production after World War II. Essentially, this is what made the Australian film industry form an alliance with the producers in Hollywood, leading

Enviormental modern issue in Astrulia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enviormental modern issue in Astrulia - Essay Example In January, states that were affected include Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, and Victoria. In February between 8th and 11th 2014, South Australia and Victoria State were under the siege of fire. Most of the Australian bushfires occur following lightning strikes that ignite fire, electricity, spot fires, and hot dry northerly winds, which is a risk factor for increased bushfires. The risk factor is that Australia is an arid continent and has been experiencing fires for millions of years (Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission, 2010). In Victoria, Metropolitan Fire Brigade, Department of Environmental and Primary Industries and Country Fire Authority are involved in fighting bushfires.Non-governmental organization such as St John Ambulance Australia provides first aid and other services such as transport of victims to the hospital and trauma Centre’s (Conn, 2009). Owing to the nature of bushfires, there is no one responsible or at fault for the bushfired in Australi, unless where smokers cause bushfires whn they live a butning cigar. The above examples were caused by natural disasters thereby making no one at fault in the Austalian bushfires. In Australia, the long and short term economic consequences of bushfires have been loss of property and life. Billions of dollars are spent annually in trying to prevent and prepare for these disasters. The continent encounters much expenditure on disaster preparation. After a disaster, the economy is negatively affected due to the following reasons: disruption of business activities, loss of power supply to companies, and loss of water supply and communication breakdown. Secondary economic impacts that may result are loss of insurance and premiums, loss of confidence by the investors, and increase in costs due to the provision of welfare and medical

The symbolism of rain in literature

The symbolism of rain in literature It has been seen that almost all authors use symbol within their works of literature in order to pull the attention of their readers. Using such symbolic concept it helps the poets in creating a secondary meaning. It also helps in connecting the gaps. Symbols need a careful analysis while in some circumstance it is quite clear. Water can be seen in many forms in literature including waterfalls, lakes, rivers, streams, or rain. The meaning of water symbol in literature can be taken in many ways. The most obvious are life, being born, purity, cleansing, or the washing away of sins. Water is very important to life and growth and it mainly appears as a birth and rebirth symbol. It is used in the baptism service which solemnizes spiritual births. Even the appearance of rain in the work of literature it suggests a spiritual birth. April is the cruellest month for the denizens of the modern wasteland, for it signifies rebirth and they prefer winter or spiritual death, for rebirth implies some efforts on their part and any spiritual effort is hateful to them. The spring rain brings new life to the landscape but all it manages to do is stirring/ dull roots. It suggests that nothing new will grow out of the symbolic wasteland. Through a protagonist named Tiresias, Eliot gives his impressions about the modern people. Tiresias has come across a German princess. She is fond of travel. She is an example of a rootless modern person. She has no connection with her family, community and nation. She is a kind of international globetrotter, fond of the physical comforts of life. Eliot considers such ties necessary for culture, for real life- spiritual and moral. The modern humanity, like German princess, lives entirely on the physical plane, and is entirely forgetful of religious and moral values. In winter, as they go through Munich they are overtaken by a shower of rain. They do not realize the purifying power of rain but rather seek shelter from it, as she is ignorant of its purifying and fertilizing significance. Shelly’s poem Cloud has treated rain in totally different manner. Rain which comes from cloud and it is supplied to the soil so that it regernate. Cloud become a gardener through rain it brings water to thirsty flowers as well as to the birds through the dew on the buds. It helps in harvesting the crops. Here rain is very significant while in the Eliot’s Wasteland people are unaware to the fertilizing power of rain. They try to save themselves with the showers of rain. In this lines the protagonist, Tiresias, then surveys the panorama of modern civilization and finds it spiritually barren and dead. The stones, dead trees, dry stones without any sound of water, all symbolize spiritual desolation. In the book 4 Paradise Lost by Milton Eve tells Adam about her first awakening and how she wondered when she come to know about her who she is and from where she came to life. She sees her image in to the lake through which she discovers herself as well as also aware that she is relative to Adam. Through the voice which she hears she come to know that she is the mother of the human race. Here Eve recognition looking in to the water symbolizes that Eve consciousness about her existence, the awareness of being born. We notice that when Tiresias surveys he finds nothing. But when Eve sees her image into the water she comes to know about her existence. The Tarot Pack of 78 cards, originally used in Egypt to foretell the rise of the Nile waters, and the return of fertility. But now the function of the pack has degenerated. It is used merely for fake fortune telling, an illegal activity. The Madame Sosostris is telling the fortunes of some client, who might be the protagonist himself. The drowned phoenician sailor is the symbol of the fertility god whose effigy was thrown into the river to symbolize the death of the summer. The drowned Phoenician sailor is related to the English myth of the Fisher King, whose wound causes the land to stop impregnate or regenerate. In this case he might represent the terrible curse that has fallen over Europe in the 20th century. The warning ‘fear death by water’ suggest that you need to avoid dying like the Phoenician sailor but it also true that fortune tellers are full of tricks you need to remember there is other way to â€Å"die by water.† So this warning refers to the spiritual drought which has fallen on the wasteland. In the poem of William Wordsworth The Prelude he describes water in the form of a lake, remembering a time when he was a young boy here it symbolize freedom and entrapment. Wordsworth recalls his time when he was a curious boy. In order to take a ride he borrows the boat of a shepherd one night. However, when he starts to row out into the lake he believes that he sees a cliff in the distance rise up in front of him, which petrifies him. Before this incident lake is described as a shining clear among the hoary mountains. A young boy slips his oars in the lake. The water seems peaceful and serene, begging to be rowed upon. Wordsworth enables to quell his desire to take the boat out for a ride. When Wordsworth witnesses the supernatural event into the lake he finds this place is no longer safe but rather fearful and wretched. His pleasurable ride becomes a panic stricken and he tries hard to make it back to land. The lake still peaceful and quite but a change has come in the attitude of Wordsworth. He tries to escape the water. The lake and ocean symbolize both freedom and entrapment. Wordsworth cannot row fast enough to escape the one peaceful lake. In the cases of both poem water is giving a kind of horrid experience. In one poem they are warning to fear from death by water while in other water is very calm and it is begging to be rowed upon by Wordsworth. But while rowing poet is full of fear which he experiences in the expedition on the lake. The lady asks the lover whether he knows anything, whether he sees anything, whether he remembers anything. The reply of the lover is that he remembers one line which is a quotation from Shakespeare’s The Tempest. This line is: â€Å"those are pearls, that were his eyes,† this line is reproduced mechanically by the lover. It has no spiritual significance for him. It does not give an idea of the transformation of man through death to something higher and nobler. This lines is taken from the William Shakespeare The Tempest,it refers to a person who drowned and has been underwater so long, his eyes has turned into pearls. It reminds the warning to avoid Death by water. Turning of eye symbolizes how the modern souls have become hard and lifeless. The hot water at ten. And if it rains, a closed car at four. And we shall play a game of chess, Pressing lidless eyes and waiting for a knock upon the door. (Eliot 134-137) It is a brief summary of the dull, meaningless routine of life in the wasteland. Waiting for some excitement, for something to happen, this will enliven for a moment the dull routine of their life. While in the poetry of John Donne we see how a poet is very sad when he has to leave his beloved. He shows much concern for his beloved. In the poem A valediction: of weeping by John Donne image of water is shown with the use of tear. In the beginning of the poem when he is departing from his beloved he does not embrace her before going. Instead of it he finds his beloved reflection in his tears. Their separation cannot separate them it is undeniable separation. Next he takes tears of his beloved both â€Å"fruit† and â€Å"emblem†. It is fruit of his pain because which he is enduring in his present time while it is an emblem of his future grief because he will be away. Further he says that as his tears falls his reflection will also fall. He and she will become nothing. When her reflection falls thus she vanishes as he departs for his sea voyage. Then the tears of the lovers are endlessly generative and endlessly decay. When we both cry our eyes will fill with tears, and we won’t be able to see each other anymore. It has been noticed that people of wasteland is also waiting for any kind amusement in their dull routine of life whereas in Donne poetry instead of waiting he is departing leaving behind his beloved. ‘If it rain’ symbolizes that waiting for spiritual birth or reborn while fading of reflection in tears symbolizes to lose spirituality. The section ‘The Fire Sermon’ opens with Tiresias surveying the Thames scene in the autumn. The leaves have fallen down and the wind moves without any rustle. The Thames is deserted. In the summer, it had been the haunt of nameless ladies in search of momentary pleasure, and the rich sons of business directors equally in need of pleasure. After having their round of pleasure, they have all left. The river is strewn all over with empty bottles, cigarette cases, papers, handkerchiefs, etc, the reminders of the orgy of pleasure on its banks. The protagonist mourns the pollution of the river water. As he sits on its banks fishing in the dull canal near the gas house, a cold wind blows. It brings to him the sound of the senseless laughter of London crowds who move about rattling like dried bones. Memories crowd in upon him, and he is reminded of bonnnivard in the prison of chillon in Byron’s famous poem, lamenting the loss of freedom on the banks of lakes leman; or the captive jews in the bible weeping by the river Babylon. Since he is the spokesman of humanity, one who has suffered all, one whose memories go to the remote past, the scene also reminds him of the brother of the fisher king, fishing for the regeneration of his brother and of Ferdinand, mourning the death of his father, the king. In the past water and fishing were the symbol of regeneration and transformation but today they have lost their spiritual significance. The poet now refers to another scene: fishing near the river. The poet tries to fish in the canal behind the gas house, where a rat creep near him. Instead of finding a fish, he comes across an ugly rat. This reminds him of the story of Ferdinand where the king was exiled by his brother who usurped his throne. The real king may be compared to a fish while the usurping king may be compared to a rat. Today the scene of the river bank is very depressing. White naked bodies can be seen on the buildings of the bank. They are disturbed by the rats to be found on the bank. Today the roads along the bank are full of motor cars; the hooting of the horns is a signal for Mrs. Porter to meet her lover Sweeney. The face of Mrs. Porter shines under the moon-light. She is accompanied by her daughter. They wash their feet not in the river water but in soda water. They are doing so not for their self purification but to make their flesh fairer to attract males. We find such is the degeneracy in the modern wasteland. If we read the poetry snake by D.H Lawrence we find water is essential for drinking purpose without it nobody can think of leave. Everyone in the past or in the present always talks about the preserving of water but in the modern wasteland it is used for making their skin fairer. They are wasting water. People do not bother about its purification. A snake came to my water-trough on a hot, hot day, I in pyjamas for the heat, to drink there. (Lawrence, 1) In the beginning lines of DH Lawrence poem, the water symbolizes as a drinking water. As we know that when water come into the mouth of snake it transforms in a poison. A snake comes to water trough in order to drink water. The poet finds himself in a queu in which he has second number before him a snake which come as guest. The poet watches the yellow brown soft bellied snake at his water trough. It is drinking softly through its gums silently. While the poet is watching the snake drinking water snake lifts his head and looks at the poet vaguely, flickers his two forked tongue from his lips, take pause a moment and then drink a little more. With the sound of music in his ears, Tiresias goes along the strand and queen Victoria Street, and reaches the lower end of Thames Street. This is the part of the city where the poor live. There he hears, coming out of a tavern, the sweet music of a mandolin, and the chanter of fishermen and sailors who are resting in the tavern. There stands the church of St. Magus Martyr, the interior decoration of which is highly praised by Eliot. However, this haunt of the poor is also not pure from sexual perversion and sin as is brought out by the songs of the three Thames daughters, i.e., these poor girls living on the banks of the river. First the three sing together and then separately. They bemoan the polluting of river water symbolized by the oozing out of oil and tar. The river which is river Thames, sweating oil and tar, symbolizes the modern commercial pollution of the waters of the river. In Mattew Arnold poem Dover Beach, he is obsessed with water. It is constantly referred throughout the poem. Water symbolism has been treated like a sadness, misery and tears. It is clear to the very outset of the poem when he says the sea is calm; the tide is full; the straits of Dover look bright in the light of the moon; the cliffs loom large in the bay; the sand seems white because of moonlight. The poet draws the attention of his beloved to the sound of waves which alternatively advance and withdraw, carrying away pebbles from the beach each time they withdraw and throwing them up against the beach each time they advance. The poet finds a note of sadness in this sound. He recalls that of the Greek dramatist Sophocles also interpreted the sound of sea waves as sad. Sophocles, on hearing it, was reminded of tragedy of human life. The poet then points out that once upon a time the sea of religious faith was full, but now doubt and disbelief have combined to throw back the waves of faith from the world, leaving the world barren and cheerless. He means that religion has lost its hold upon the minds of people who have now become skeptical. The world has now become barren and men live in the darkness of ignorance, carrying on aimless struggle. The sea is everywhere in the poem Dover beach. It shows in different places and in different forms, but we feel its power all over the place. In the section ‘Death by water’ we see symbol in title. Water is the traditional symbol of purification and regeneration, but in the modern land of desolation it has lost its functions and has become a source of destruction. This is so because man has become beastly, given to the pursuit of wealth and sensuous pleasures. It is very similar to the poetry of The River by A.K Ramanujan. He is not praising river like the other poet mostly do instead of it he shows the flood which kills the inhabitant of the villagers like one pregnant women, Gopi and Brinda etc. The poet much concerns about the damage which the flood annually does to the people. The phoenician sailor; phlebas was young, tall and handsome, but he was drowned because his life was a sordid round of business activity and pleasure without any spiritual motivation. He was caught in a whirlpool and passed the various stages of his age and youth. The reference is to the ritual immersion of the effigy of the vegetation god, orisis, who was supposed to pass the various stages of life in the reverse order. He is old when he is immersed in water, he is young as rises and falls on the waves, then a boy, and is finally reborn. But there is no rebirth for the Phoenician sailor or modern humanity because of their moral degradation. The remedy lies in their being guided by moral and spiritual principles. At present they turn the wheel of life themselves, i.e, lead a life uncontrolled by spiritual considerations. Complete secularization and rejection of the supernal is at the root of the contemporary decay and disintegration. The influence of symbols in Indian literature als o A.K Ramanujan is a very famous poet of modern era. He has written a poem A River in which he has discussed about the flood which destroys everything. Through the symbol of river he describes about the havoc which is spread by flood. Here, in this poem water is a symbol of disaster and destruction. Madurai is a city of temples and poets. The poets living in this city write poems about cities and temples. Their poems also contain accounts of how every summer a river flowing through Madurai is reduced to a narrow stream and how; soon afterwards, it is flooded with the water of rains. When it is reduced to a narrow stream, its water cannot pass through the Watergates because of the piles of straw and women’s hair which obstruct its flow. The bridges over the river are marked with many patches of repair. Those stones of the bridges, which become wet, begin glisten, while the dry stones retain their original dull colour. The poets merely write poems about the floods in this river. A visitor once happened to spend one day in Madurai when a flood in the river was imminent. He heard people everywhere talking about the level of the water rising quickly. The people talked about the water rising over the steps leading to the river, and the water rising on the bathing places. He also heard people talking about the flood waters sweeping away three village homes, one pregnant woman, and a couple of cows, almost every year. Sailors himself cannot save from drowning in to the water as same to the villagers of Madurai. Both the poets at some extent have similar thought in order to show the destructive power of water. Last section ‘what the thunder said’â€Å"Here is no water, but only rock†, the reference is to the journey of sir Percival or Parsifal, the quester, to the kingdom of the fisher king in search of the holy grail. The knight and his followers reach the mountain on the top of which is the chapel perilous in which is kept the lost grail. There have been no rains for a long time, and it is a scene of desolation and barrenness which meets their eyes. There is no water at all and the rocks are cracked. There are gaps as in the in the mouth of an old man. There is not even silence, for there is the unpleasant noise of the wind passing through dried grass, the desert insects singing with a jarring sound, and the sound of thunder without rain. As the searchers climb the hill and near the chapel, they have hallucinations. Red ghostly figures seem to look out at them from mud cracked houses and mock and jeer at them. Such has been the experience of all those who have searche d for truth and spiritual salvation. The path of spiritualism is difficult and those who follow it often have such hallucinations. The repeated cry of â€Å"water, water† brings out vivdly the intensity of the suffering they have to undergo. The poet turns his back on the dead land and sits fishing on the shore of the river, i.e. he makes efforts at his spiritual re-generation.

Advanced International Trade

In any economy where there exists free mobility of labor force across borders ,labor policies are bound to spill over from one country to another thus will have an impact on international trade. Thus international trade is mostly restricted to goods and services more than to factors of production.In such a case then goods and services can serve as substitutes to factors of production by importing goods and services produced by such factors. In an open economy, the welfare gains from domestic labor market exports will exceed the share of goods exported.  If prices increase for goods the owners of factor of production responsible will benefit in real terms while owners of the other factors will likely push for opposing agendas on controls of mobility of labor across borders. An increase in capital will otherwise benefit both owners of capital and labor.The first impact would be to increase the amount of untrained labor in fish production in home country. An increased unskilled labor is expected to be more than the amount of capital available.Owing to the fixed nature of capital, there is expected decreasing returns to scale. But since the untrained labor is mobile within the industries, they are going to move from one industry to another depending on the wage differentials.The relative price of fish is expected to go down in home country due to the availability of cheap labour.Accordingly; the real wage of the unskilled labor will decrease owing to the powers of demand and supply of labor in the fish industry. The real wages paid to the skilled workers will depend on the output of the economy.As more unskilled labor flow in a country, output will not be affected since it uses more of skilled labor than unskilled labor, what is going to happen is decreasing returns to scale on unskilled labor and this will lead to more costs than benefits hence decrease the real wages of the skilled labor.The production of computer chips will be adversely affected since unskille d labor will flow from fish production to computer chips production. With capital and skilled labor fixed, then the production can be increased only by increasing the amount of capital and skilled labor in the country, thefore country’s output is bound to decrease especially in computer chips production and also to some extend on fish production.

Essay about Capital Punishment - 904 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Capital punishment is a method of retributive punishment as old as civilization itself. Anti-death penalty supporters argue the death penalty is unconstitutional. Capital punishment is a barbaric remnant of an uncivilized society. It is immoral in principle, and unfair, and discriminatory in practice. It assures the execution of some innocent people. As a remedy for crime, it has no purpose and no effect. The arguments against capital punishment are many and cogent. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Capital punishment is irrevocable, and the errors of justice cannot be rectified. All possibility of reconsideration is taken away. Innocent persons have been hanged, and judge, jury, and the legal machinery involved†¦show more content†¦Although isolated passages of the Bible have been quoted in support of the death penalty, almost all religious groups in the United States regard executions as immoral. Capital punishment is also an ineffective punishment for those who commit crimes seeing the death penalty as the â€Å"easy way out.† Killing whether carried out by an individual or the state, is immoral and ought not to be condemned. The death penalty is barbaric anachronism and should be abolished. We teach our children that it is not right to kill. Even the sixth commandment of the Bible says, â€Å"Thall shalt not kill.† Still we take the role in the Judicial system and chose who lives and who dies not only are we being hypocritical to what we say our morals are, but we are also teaching our children that it is okay to kill certain people and it is by this that capital punishment is still practiced today. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On a national basis the additional cost of trying a death penalty case over a normal murder case has totaled over one billion dollars since 1976. A report from the Judicial conference of the United States showed that defense costs in death penalty cases were four times higher than non death penalty cases. Because of the faulty capital punishment systems ignorance to the subject, many people who are pro-capital punishment argue that it would cost less to just go ahead and finish the prisoner off thanShow MoreRelated Capital Punishment1099 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment Murder, a common occurrence in American society, is thought of as a horrible, reprehensible atrocity. Why then, is it thought of differently when the state government arranges and executes a human being, the very definition of premeditated murder? Capital punishment has been reviewed and studied for many years, exposing several inequities and weaknesses, showing the need for the death penalty to be abolished. Upon examination, one finds capital punishment to be economically weakRead MoreCapital Punishment1137 Words   |  5 Pagescorresponding punishments. Among all penalties, capital punishment is considered to be the most severe and cruelest one which takes away criminal’s most valuable right in the world, that is, right to live. It is a heated debate for centuries whether capital punishment should be completely abolished world widely. The world seems to have mixed opinion regarding this issue. According to Amnesty International (2010), currently, 97 countries in the world have already abolished capital punishment while onlyRead MoreCapital Punishment1786 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the toughest form of punishment enforced today in the United States. According to the online Webster dictionary, capital punishment is defined as â€Å"the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offence or a capital crime† (1). In those jurisdictions that practice capital punishment, its use is usually restricted to a small number of criminal offences, principallyRead More Capital Punishment1898 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your heart suddenly beginning to race as you hear a judge give you a death sentence and then you’re quickly carried away in chains as your family sobs as they realize that they will no longer be able to see you. As you sit in your cell you begin to look back at your life and try to see where you went wrong to end up in jail waiting to carry out a death sentence, and at the same time know that you are an innocent waiting to be heard. This same scenario repeatsRead MoreCapital Punishment1276 Words   |  6 Pagesbroken to get the death penalty, increased murder rates and wrongful accusations. There are many different views of the death penalty. Many different religions have their own views of the death penalty. In Hinduism, if the king does not inflict punishment on those worthy to be punished the stronger would roast the weaker like fish on a spit. In the religion of Jainism, mostly all of their followers are abolitionists of the death penalty which means that they oppose of it. Infact, this religionRead More Capital Punishment Essay: Retain Capital Punishment?696 Words   |  3 PagesCapital Punishment - Retain or Not?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay tangles with the question of whether or not we should retain the death penalty within the American code of penal law.    There is a feeling of frustration and horror that we experience at the senseless and brutal crimes that too frequently disrupt the harmony of society. 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Capital Punishment is a large controversy in the U.S. but before a personal opinion can be formed, some facts need to be known, such as what it is, where it is used and why it could be good or bad. Well, what is Capital Punishment? Capital Punishment is where a person is executedRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Ultimate Punishment1704 Words   |  7 Pageswhat would you want from the government if he had killed someone you know? He should receive the capital punishment. The capital punishment is the ultimate punishment given to the precarious crimes. It is the last stage of capital punishment. There are different methods of like hanging, electric chair, lethal injection, firing squad, gas chamber. Murderers and rapist should be given extreme punishment, and they have to pay for their wrongdoing. We can observe crime rates are accelerating day-by-dayRead MoreCapital Punishment And Juvenile Punishment1631 Words   |  7 Pages Capital punishment is the term used when an individual is put to death by the state or government for the commission of a crime. Until recently, juveniles were not exempt from this punishment, however they would generally need to commit a more serious offense compared to their adult counterpart. Then there was the decision ruling the execution of mentally handicapped individuals was unconstitutional, using the 8th amendment as their authority, while taking into account the diminished capacity of